molecule-core/docs/agent-runtime/cli-runtime.md

Agent Runtime Adapters

Overview

The workspace runtime uses a pluggable adapter architecture — each agent infrastructure (Claude Code, OpenClaw, LangGraph, CrewAI, AutoGen, etc.) has its own adapter that bridges the A2A protocol to the infra's native interface.

Adapters live in workspace/adapters/<runtime>/ and are auto-discovered at startup. Each adapter implements BaseAdapter (from adapters/base.py) with setup() and create_executor() methods.

The runtime is selected via config.yaml:

runtime: claude-code    # or: langgraph, openclaw, deepagents, crewai, autogen
runtime_config:
  model: sonnet
  auth_token_file: .auth-token
  timeout: 0

How It Works

The unified workspace-template Docker image includes both Python (LangGraph) and Node.js (CLI runtimes). At startup, main.py checks the runtime field in config.yaml, discovers the matching adapter in adapters/<runtime>/, calls adapter.setup(config) then adapter.create_executor(config) to get an AgentExecutor that handles A2A requests.

A2A request arrives
      |
      v
AgentExecutor.execute(context, event_queue)
      |  - extracts user message from A2A parts
      |  - extracts conversation history from params.metadata.history
      |  - sets current_task on heartbeat (shows on canvas card)
      |  - invokes the runtime (LangGraph graph, CLI subprocess, etc.)
      v
Response → A2A event queue → JSON-RPC response

Conversation History

Chat sessions in the Canvas UI send prior messages (up to 20) via params.metadata.history in each A2A message/send request. Executors extract this history:

• LangGraph/DeepAgents: Prepends history as ("human", text) / ("ai", text) tuples to the LangGraph message list
• CrewAI/AutoGen: Prepends history as a text prefix in the task description ("Conversation so far:\n...")
• Claude Code: Uses --resume <session_id> for native session continuity (history not needed)
• OpenClaw: Uses --session-id for native session continuity

Current Task Reporting

All executors update the workspace's current_task via the heartbeat during execution. This shows an amber banner on the canvas card. The shared set_current_task(heartbeat, task) function in a2a_executor.py handles this for all runtimes.

Built-in Adapters

LangGraph (runtime: langgraph) — Default

Full Python agent with LangGraph ReAct pattern. Supports skills, tools, plugins, peer coordination, and team routing.

Claude Code (runtime: claude-code)

runtime: claude-code
runtime_config:
  model: sonnet          # or opus, haiku
  auth_token_file: .auth-token   # OAuth token file in /configs/

Uses the Claude Agent SDK (claude-agent-sdk Python package) to invoke the Claude Code engine programmatically via ClaudeSDKExecutor. This replaced the earlier subprocess-based approach (claude --print ...) to eliminate stdout buffering, zombie processes, session-ID parsing fragility, and ~500ms per-message startup overhead.

The SDK uses the same Claude Code engine under the hood — plugins, CLAUDE.md discovery, hooks, auto-memory, and skills all work identically. The @anthropic-ai/claude-code npm package is still installed in the image because the SDK wraps it internally.

Auth: Uses the CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN env var — the OAuth token is read from /configs/.auth-token and picked up by the SDK automatically.

Concurrency: Turns are serialized per-executor via an asyncio.Lock so session state stays race-free. Cooperative cancel support via aclose() on the SDK's async generator.

Important: Claude Code refuses to run as root with --dangerously-skip-permissions. The Dockerfile creates a non-root agent user.

CrewAI (runtime: crewai)

Role-based multi-agent framework. Creates a CrewAI Agent + Task + Crew per request with A2A delegation tools (delegate_to_peer, list_available_peers).

runtime: crewai
model: openrouter:google/gemini-2.5-flash

Auth: Uses OPENROUTER_API_KEY or OPENAI_API_KEY env var.

AutoGen (runtime: autogen)

Microsoft AutoGen AssistantAgent with tool use. Creates an AssistantAgent per request with A2A delegation tools.

runtime: autogen
model: openai:gpt-4.1-mini

Auth: Uses OPENAI_API_KEY env var.

DeepAgents (runtime: deepagents)

LangGraph-based agent with deep planning capabilities. Uses the same LangGraphA2AExecutor as the default runtime but with a specialized agent setup including delegation, memory, and search tools.

runtime: deepagents
model: openrouter:google/gemini-2.5-flash

OpenClaw (runtime: openclaw)

Proxies A2A messages to OpenClaw via openclaw agent CLI subprocess. Handles its own session continuity via --session-id.

runtime: openclaw

Auth: Uses OpenClaw's own authentication (configured during openclaw setup).

Session Continuity (Claude Code)

Claude Code workspaces maintain conversation state across messages using the SDK's resume option:

1. First message: the SDK's ResultMessage returns a session_id
2. Subsequent messages: the SDK is called with resume=<session_id> to continue the same conversation
3. System prompt: only injected on the first message — resumed sessions already have it
4. Memories: recalled from the platform API on the first turn only; subsequent turns already have context

Session state is stored inside the container at ~/.claude/ and persists across messages but resets on container restart.

System Prompt

All runtimes load system-prompt.md from the workspace's config directory (/configs/system-prompt.md). For Claude Code (SDK executor) and other CLI runtimes, the prompt is re-read on each message (supports hot-reload without restart). A2A delegation instructions are appended automatically.

For LangGraph runtimes, the system prompt is built from multiple sources (config, skills, plugins, peer capabilities) at startup.

Auth Token Resolution

The CLI executor resolves auth tokens in this order:

1. Environment variable — CLAUDE_AUTH_TOKEN, OPENAI_API_KEY, etc.
2. Token file — /configs/.auth-token (relative to config dir)

For Claude Code specifically:

• Extract your OAuth access token from the macOS keychain: security find-generic-password -s "Claude Code-credentials" -a "<username>" -w
• Write it to workspace-configs-templates/claude-code-default/.auth-token
• The provisioner copies this file to each new workspace's config dir

Auto-Provisioning Without Templates

Workspaces can be created without specifying a template. The platform automatically:

1. Creates a config directory (ws-<id>) under workspace-configs-templates/
2. Generates a minimal config.yaml with the workspace's name, role, runtime, and model
3. Copies .auth-token from the claude-code-default template (if it exists)
4. Merges any files previously uploaded via the Files API
5. Starts the container

This means you can create a workspace with just:

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/workspaces \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"name": "My Agent", "role": "Does things", "runtime": "claude-code"}'

And it provisions, registers, and comes online automatically.

Dockerfile

The unified workspace/Dockerfile includes both Python and Node.js:

FROM python:3.11-slim

# Node.js for CLI runtimes (claude-code, codex)
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs
RUN npm install -g @anthropic-ai/claude-code

# Non-root user (claude --dangerously-skip-permissions refuses root)
RUN useradd -m -s /bin/bash agent

# Python deps for LangGraph runtime
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

COPY *.py ./
USER agent
CMD ["python", "main.py"]

Inter-Agent Communication (A2A Delegation)

CLI-based workspaces can communicate with other workspaces via two mechanisms:

MCP Tools (Claude Code and other MCP-compatible runtimes)

For MCP-compatible runtimes, an A2A MCP server (a2a_mcp_server.py) is automatically injected via --mcp-config. This gives the agent three MCP tools:

Tool	Description
list_peers	Discover sibling/parent/child workspaces (name, ID, status, role)
delegate_task	Send a task to a peer and get their response via A2A
delegate_task_async	Send a task and return immediately with a task_id (for long tasks)
check_task_status	Poll an async task's status and get results when done
get_workspace_info	Get this workspace's own metadata

The agent uses these tools naturally — no special instructions needed. Access control is enforced by the platform registry.

Example flow: Marketing uses delegate_task(seo_id, "What is your status?") → A2A message to SEO → SEO responds → result returned to Marketing.

Delegation Error Handling

When delegate_task receives an error from a child (auth failure, timeout, offline), the MCP server wraps it as a DELEGATION FAILED message with instructions for the calling agent to: (1) try a different peer, (2) handle the task itself, or (3) inform the user which peer is unavailable and provide its own best answer. Errors are tagged with a [A2A_ERROR] sentinel prefix so they can be reliably distinguished from normal response text. Coordinator prompts and A2A instructions reinforce that agents must never forward raw error messages to the user.

CLI Commands (Custom runtimes)

For non-MCP runtimes, A2A instructions are injected into the system prompt. The agent uses bash commands:

a2a peers                          # List available peers
a2a delegate <workspace_id> <task>  # Send task to a peer
a2a info                           # Show workspace info

Both approaches use the same backend: platform registry for discovery, A2A protocol for messaging, and access control enforcement (parent↔child, siblings only).

Workspace Awareness

CLI runtimes keep the same memory tool surface as the Python runtime. When AWARENESS_URL and AWARENESS_NAMESPACE are injected into the workspace, commit_memory and search_memory route to the workspace's own awareness namespace instead of the fallback platform memory API. This keeps the agent contract stable while giving each workspace an isolated memory scope.

Task Status Reporting

Any process inside a workspace container (cron jobs, scripts, background tasks) can update the canvas card display:

molecule-monorepo-status "Running weekly SEO audit..."  # show on canvas
molecule-monorepo-status ""                              # clear when done

From Python:

from molecule_ai_status import set_status
set_status("Analyzing competitor data...")

This pushes an immediate heartbeat with current_task to the platform, which broadcasts via WebSocket to the canvas. The task banner appears instantly on the workspace card.

Key Files

File	Role
main.py	Runtime selector — discovers adapter, calls setup/create_executor
claude_sdk_executor.py	ClaudeSDKExecutor for Claude Code runtime (SDK-based, replaces subprocess)
executor_helpers.py	Shared helpers: memory recall/commit, delegation results, heartbeat, system prompt, error sanitization
cli_executor.py	CLIAgentExecutor for Codex, Ollama, custom runtimes (subprocess-based)
a2a_executor.py	LangGraphA2AExecutor, shared set_current_task(), _extract_history()
adapters/base.py	BaseAdapter interface + AdapterConfig dataclass
adapters/__init__.py	Auto-discovers adapters from subdirectories
molecule_ai_status.py	CLI tool + module for updating canvas task display from any process
a2a_mcp_server.py	MCP server exposing A2A delegation tools (list_peers, delegate_task)
a2a_cli.py	CLI tool for A2A delegation (all runtimes)
config.py	RuntimeConfig dataclass, runtime field in WorkspaceConfig

Rate Limit Handling

Both executors include built-in retry logic with exponential backoff:

• Empty responses (common rate limit signal) → retry up to 3 times (5s, 10s, 20s)
• Rate limit errors (429, "overloaded") → retry with same backoff
• Auth errors (OAuth token transient failures) → retry with backoff
• Timeouts → kill subprocess (CLI) or close stream (SDK) and report (no retry)
• All error messages are sanitized via sanitize_agent_error() — no raw stderr or exception details leak to the user chat

The A2A CLI (a2a_cli.py) also retries delegation calls on rate limits.

For production with many concurrent agents, consider:

• Using different auth tokens per workspace (separate subscriptions)
• Staggering agent invocations
• Using delegate_task_async for long-running tasks

Known Limitations

• Tier 1 (sandboxed): Read-only root filesystem is disabled for CLI runtimes because Claude Code needs writable directories (.claude/, .npm/, /tmp). Tier 1 still restricts the /workspace volume.
• Rate limits: All workspaces share the same Claude subscription. Retry logic handles transient rate limits, but sustained high volume needs separate tokens.
• Auth token lifecycle: OAuth tokens expire and need refreshing. Use claude setup-token for long-lived tokens in production.

Extending with New Runtimes

To add a new adapter:

1. Create workspace/adapters/<name>/ with:

   • adapter.py — class extending BaseAdapter with setup() and create_executor() methods
   • requirements.txt — runtime-specific Python dependencies (installed at container startup)
   • __init__.py — exports adapter class as Adapter

2. The create_executor() method returns an AgentExecutor (from a2a.server.agent_execution) whose execute(context, event_queue) method handles A2A requests.

3. Use set_current_task() from a2a_executor.py for heartbeat/canvas integration.

4. Use it in config.yaml: runtime: <name>